- A generalized seizure starts when abnormal electrical impulses affect all areas of the brain simultaneously.
- These seizures are also known as “grand mal” seizures, although the term “grand mal” is no longer widely used.
- Symptoms include:
- Loss of consciousness
- Tonic phase: stiffening of muscles, often with arching of the back and contraction of chest muscles, making breathing difficult
- Clonic phase: rapid jerking of muscles, particularly in the legs
- Possible cyanosis (bluish discoloration) of the lips and face
- Generalized seizures can be triggered by various factors, including idiopathic causes (no known underlying condition), febrile seizures (associated with fever), or other underlying medical conditions.
Types of Generalized Seizures
- Tonic-clonic seizures (formerly known as grand mal seizures)
- Absence seizures (brief, staring episodes)
- Atonic seizures (sudden loss of muscle tone)
- Myoclonic seizures (sudden, brief muscle contractions)
- Tonic seizures (stiffening of muscles)
- Febrile seizures (seizures associated with fever)
Treatment and Management
- Generalized seizures are typically treated with anticonvulsant medications.
- In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove a seizure focus or to implant a vagus nerve stimulator.
- Lifestyle modifications, such as avoiding triggers and getting regular sleep, can also help manage generalized seizures.
- While there is no cure for epilepsy, which includes generalized seizures, many people with the condition are able to control their seizures with medication and lifestyle changes.
